Affinage · Plasmodium

Showing PF3D7_0610400 — HISTONE H3 is a gene name.

H3

PF3D7_0610400 · histone H3

Annotated
2026-09-08
35 papers in source corpus 25 papers cited in narrative 25 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PF3D7_0610400 is the canonical nucleosomal histone H3 of Plasmodium falciparum, first identified by sequencing as a divergent apicomplexan H3 (PMID:7723778, PMID:14509838), and it functions as the central substrate scaffold on which the parasite's chromatin-based gene regulation is written and read. Its N-terminal tail is subject to extensive, enzyme-specific modification: PfGCN5 acetylates K9 and K14 (PMID:15075257, PMID:16410041), distinct SET-domain methyltransferases including PfSET7 (K4/K9) and PfSETvs (K36me3) methylate lysine residues (PMID:23823717, PMID:26902486), PfPRMT5 symmetrically dimethylates R2 and R8 (PMID:37349497), and the tail is phosphorylated at multiple serines (PMID:23308157) and proteolytically clipped at position 21 by a nuclear cathepsin C-like activity (PMID:30833341). These marks partition the genome into functional chromatin states: H3K9ac and H3K4me3 broadly mark active euchromatin and 5' ends of transcribed genes in a stage-specific manner during intraerythrocytic development (PMID:17449656, PMID:19497874, PMID:21187892), while H3K9me3 recruits the PfHP1 chromodomain to establish heterochromatin and enforce mutually exclusive var gene silencing and antigenic variation (PMID:17209011, PMID:19270070). PfSETvs-dependent H3K36me3 across var gene bodies is required to keep var genes silent (PMID:23823717), and reader proteins including PfBDP1 (acetyl-H3) and Pf14-3-3I (phospho-H3S28) couple these marks to invasion gene expression and downstream signaling (PMID:23308157, PMID:26067602, PMID:37349497). Clipped H3 integrates into mononucleosomes and demarcates a chromatin island upstream of DNA replication/repair genes (PMID:30833341), and extracellular recombinant H3 released from infected erythrocytes directly triggers endothelial inflammation and permeability through Src-family kinase and p38 MAPK signaling (PMID:22260922).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 1995 Low

    Establishing the primary sequence of parasite H3 was the necessary first step to define this protein as a bona fide histone H3 in P. falciparum.

    Evidence DNA sequencing/molecular cloning of the H3 gene

    PMID:7723778

    Open questions at the time
    • Sequence only, no functional characterization
    • Variant composition of the H3 family not resolved
  2. 2003 Low

    Recombinant expression and sequence analysis showed apicomplexan H3 has rare/novel features and revealed at least two H3 variants (H3 and H3.3), framing the question of whether the divergent tail could still serve as a modification substrate.

    Evidence Molecular cloning, sequence analysis, recombinant protein expression

    PMID:14509838

    Open questions at the time
    • No enzymatic modification assays
    • Functional distinction between H3 and H3.3 not established
  3. 2006 High

    Identifying PfGCN5 as the enzyme acetylating H3 at K9/K14 and mapping methyl/acetyl marks by mass spectrometry established that despite tail divergence, parasite H3 carries a conventional repertoire of PTMs deposited by defined writers.

    Evidence In vitro HAT assays with recombinant PfGCN5, mass spectrometry of purified histones, acetylation-specific antibodies, stage timepoints (builds on earlier K8/K14 assignment)

    PMID:15075257 PMID:16410041

    Open questions at the time
    • Site nomenclature (K8 vs K9) reconciliation across studies
    • In vivo requirement of PfGCN5 for these marks not tested genetically
  4. 2008 Medium

    Chemical inhibition of PfGCN5 (curcumin, anacardic acid) causing specific H3K9/K14 hypoacetylation with reduced expression of target genes linked H3 acetylation causally to active transcription and to antiparasitic action.

    Evidence In vitro HAT inhibition assays, acetylation-specific antibodies, ChIP-PCR, microarray transcriptomics

    PMID:17145789 PMID:18487348

    Open questions at the time
    • Inhibitors may have off-target effects beyond PfGCN5
    • Direct genetic knockout of PfGCN5 not performed
  5. 2008 High

    Genome-wide ChIP mapping established that H3K9ac marks active promoters while H3K9me3 marks silent loci, and that H3K4/K9 methylation and H3K9 acetylation act antagonistically to control var gene switching — defining H3 as the carrier of epigenetic memory for antigenic variation.

    Evidence ChIP-on-chip, ChIP-PCR with modification-specific antibodies across var loci and genome-wide, site-specific methyl-lysine antibodies with in vitro SET-domain HKMT assays

    PMID:17209011 PMID:17449656 PMID:18028313 PMID:18299133

    Open questions at the time
    • Which specific SET enzymes deposit each methyl mark not fully resolved here
    • Mechanism enforcing mutual exclusivity not defined
  6. 2009 High

    Demonstrating that the PfHP1 chromodomain binds H3K9me2/3 but not unmodified or H3K4me forms identified the direct reader that translates the H3K9me mark into heterochromatin formation and var silencing.

    Evidence Recombinant PfHP1 chromodomain binding to modified H3 peptides, ChIP validation in parasites

    PMID:19270070

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream effectors recruited by PfHP1 not defined here
    • Structural basis of specificity not solved
  7. 2010 High

    High-resolution ChIP-seq with temporal RNA-seq linked H3K9ac/H3K4me3 dynamics to H2A.Z-containing euchromatic nucleosomes and to transcriptional timing across the intraerythrocytic cycle, integrating H3 marks into genome-wide chromatin architecture.

    Evidence ChIP-seq for H2A.Z, H3K9ac, H3K4me3; RNA-seq at 8 timepoints; mass spectrometry

    PMID:19497874 PMID:21187892

    Open questions at the time
    • Causality between mark deposition and transcription not tested by perturbation
    • Reader proteins for these euchromatic marks not identified here
  8. 2012 High

    Showing that extracellular recombinant PfH3 activates endothelial inflammation and permeability via Src/p38 MAPK signaling revealed a non-chromatin, pathogenic role for H3 released from lysed infected cells in malaria pathology.

    Evidence Recombinant PfH3 treatment of endothelial cells, antibody blocking, kinase inhibitors, live imaging, activated protein C cleavage

    PMID:22260922

    Open questions at the time
    • Endothelial receptor for extracellular H3 not identified
    • In vivo contribution to malaria pathology not established
  9. 2013 High

    PfSETvs knockout abolishing H3K36me3 and de-repressing all var genes simultaneously established H3K36me3 as a required silencing mark and defined the enzyme responsible, advancing the mechanism of mutually exclusive var expression.

    Evidence Targeted PfSETvs knockout, ChIP with H3K36me3 antibodies, RNA-seq, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence

    PMID:23823717

    Open questions at the time
    • How H3K36me3 mechanistically silences var bodies not defined
    • Reader of H3K36me3 not identified
  10. 2013 High

    Detection of 14 histone phosphosites and identification of Pf14-3-3I as a phospho-H3S28 reader, plus genome-wide mapping of twelve H3 acetyl/methyl marks, expanded the H3 PTM landscape and its stage-specific genomic distribution.

    Evidence LC-MS/MS phosphoproteomics, recombinant Pf14-3-3I binding and ITC, ChIP-on-chip for twelve marks, ectopic locus insertion

    PMID:23308157 PMID:23468622

    Open questions at the time
    • Kinases depositing H3S10/S28ph not identified
    • Functional consequence of Pf14-3-3I binding not tested by perturbation
  11. 2015 High

    PfBDP1 binding to acetylated H3 at invasion gene start sites, with knockdown impairing invasion, connected H3 acetylation reading to the invasion transcriptional program and a defined biological phenotype.

    Evidence Conditional PfBDP1 knockdown, ChIP-seq, Co-IP, RNA-seq

    PMID:26067602

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise acetyl-H3 residues bound not fully mapped here
    • Whether PfBDP1 also reads other histones not addressed here
  12. 2016 High

    Enzymatic characterization of PfSET7 as an H3K4/K9 methyltransferase with preference for pre-existing H3K14ac established cross-talk between acetylation and methylation writing on the same H3 tail.

    Evidence Recombinant PfSET7 in vitro methyltransferase assays, steady-state kinetics, nucleosome substrate preference

    PMID:26902486

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo genomic targets of PfSET7 not mapped here
    • Relative contribution of PfSET7 vs other SET enzymes to K4/K9me not resolved
  13. 2019 High

    Discovery of cathepsin C-like N-terminal clipping of H3 at position 21 and mapping of clipped H3 to a chromatin island upstream of DNA replication/repair genes revealed a proteolytic modification mechanism distinct from side-chain PTMs.

    Evidence Nuclear extract clipping assay, ectopic expression of truncated H3-HA, ChIP-seq, subcellular fractionation

    PMID:30833341

    Open questions at the time
    • Protease identity not molecularly defined
    • Functional consequence of clipped-H3 deposition for replication genes not tested
  14. 2021 High

    Structural and biochemical characterization of the histone chaperone PfAsf1 depositing H3/H4 dimers established a molecular route for H3 assembly into nucleosomes in the parasite.

    Evidence PfAsf1 crystal structure at 2.4 Å, Co-IP/pulldown with H3/H4, in vitro disome assembly, site-directed mutagenesis

    PMID:33501928

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo requirement of PfAsf1 for H3 deposition not tested genetically
    • Coordination with other chaperones/replication machinery not defined
  15. 2023 High

    Identifying PfPRMT5 as the writer of symmetric H3R2me2s (and R8) at invasion genes, with disruption reducing invasion, added arginine methylation to the H3 code governing the invasion program.

    Evidence In vitro PfPRMT5 methyltransferase assay, ChIP-seq for H3R2me2s, conditional PfPRMT5 disruption, transcriptomics, interactome

    PMID:37349497

    Open questions at the time
    • Reader of H3R2me2s not defined
    • Interplay of H3R2me2s with adjacent H3K4 marks not resolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the many H3 writers, readers, and clipping activities are coordinated in vivo to switch a single var gene on while silencing the rest, and the identities of the H3-clipping protease and several implicated kinases, remain unresolved.
  • Molecular identity of the H3-clipping cathepsin C-like protease unknown
  • Kinases for H3S10/S28ph not identified
  • Mechanism enforcing mutually exclusive var expression from H3 marks not fully explained

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification
Partners
PF14-3-3I (READER OF H3S28PH) [#15]PFASF1 (HISTONE CHAPERONE) [#22]PFBDP1 (BROMODOMAIN READER OF ACETYLATED H3) [#17, #23]PFGCN5 (ACETYLTRANSFERASE, K9/K14) [#2, #3]PFHP1 (CHROMODOMAIN READER OF H3K9ME2/3) [#10]PFPRMT5 (SYMMETRIC ARGININE DIMETHYLTRANSFERASE, R2/R8) [#24]PFSET7 (METHYLTRANSFERASE, K4/K9) [#18]PFSETVS (METHYLTRANSFERASE, K36ME3) [#14]
Complex memberships
Nucleosome (H3/H4 dimer deposited by PfAsf1) [#22]

Evidence

Reading pass · 25 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1995 The sequence of Plasmodium falciparum histone H3 (PF3D7_0610400) was determined, establishing its identity as a canonical histone H3 in this parasite. DNA sequencing / molecular cloning Molecular and biochemical parasitology Low 7723778
2003 Plasmodium falciparum histone H3 was cloned and expressed as a recombinant protein; sequence analysis revealed that the apicomplexan H3 proteins harbor novel and rare features compared to other eukaryotes, establishing the existence of at least two H3 variants (H3 and H3.3) in this parasite. Molecular cloning, sequence analysis, recombinant protein expression DNA sequence : the journal of DNA sequencing and mapping Low 14509838
2004 Recombinant PfGCN5 acetylates histone H3 (PF3D7_0610400) at lysine 8 and lysine 14 in vitro, establishing H3 as a substrate of PfGCN5 with site-specific modification at K8 and K14. In vitro HAT assay with recombinant PfGCN5 using free core histones as substrate, substrate-specific antibodies Eukaryotic cell High 15075257
2006 Mass spectrometry of P. falciparum histones identified acetylation of lysines and methylation of lysines and arginines in the N-terminus of histone H3 (PF3D7_0610400). Recombinant PfH3 was efficiently acetylated by both recombinant and native PfGCN5 at K9 and K14, confirming H3 as a substrate despite sequence divergence from mammalian H3 N-termini. H3-K9 acetylation increased in late trophozoite and schizont stages during intraerythrocytic development. Mass spectrometry of purified histones, in vitro acetyltransferase assay with recombinant PfH3 and PfGCN5, immunoblotting with acetylation-specific antibodies at multiple time points Gene High 16410041
2006 Curcumin treatment caused specific hypoacetylation of histone H3 (PF3D7_0610400) at K9 and K14 (but not H4 at K5, K8, K12, K16) in P. falciparum, consistent with inhibition of PfGCN5 HAT activity, as confirmed by in vitro HAT inhibition assays with recombinant PfGCN5. In vitro HAT assay with recombinant PfGCN5, nuclear HAT activity assay, acetylation-specific antibodies Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy Medium 17145789
2007 PfGCN5-mediated acetylation of histone H3 (PF3D7_0610400) at K9 (H3K9ac) is enriched at putative promoter regions of active genes in a stage-specific manner during erythrocytic development; H3K9ac and H3K9me3 marks on H3 act antagonistically as epigenetic markers of active and silent genes respectively, genome-wide. ChIP-on-chip (chromatin immunoprecipitation with microarray), real-time PCR, treatment with PfGCN5 inhibitor Eukaryotic cell High 17449656
2007 Trimethylation and dimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3/me2) on PF3D7_0610400 peaks in the 5' upstream region of transcribed var genes and acts as a bookmarking epigenetic mark during the poised state; H3K9me3 acts antagonistically to K4 methylation to establish stable var gene silencing, while H3K9 acetylation competes with H3K9 methylation in the 5' flanking region to repress or activate var gene expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with modification-specific antibodies, real-time PCR across var gene regions Molecular microbiology High 18028313
2007 H3K9me3 on histone H3 (PF3D7_0610400) serves as an epigenetic mark controlling var gene transcription and antigenic variation, constituting a chromatin memory associated with mutually exclusive var gene expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with H3K9me3-specific antibodies Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 17209011
2008 Anacardic acid inhibits PfGCN5 HAT activity and induces hypoacetylation of histone H3 (PF3D7_0610400) at K9 and K14 (but not H4 at K5, K8, K12, K16), with ChIP-PCR confirming reduced H3K9 acetylation near promoters of downregulated genes, establishing H3K9/K14ac as functionally linked to active gene expression. In vitro HAT inhibition assay with recombinant PfGCN5, acetylation-specific antibodies, ChIP and real-time PCR, microarray gene expression Eukaryotic cell High 18487348
2008 Methyl marks were detected on K4, K9, and K36 of histone H3 (PF3D7_0610400) by site-specific methyl-lysine antibodies; two P. falciparum SET-domain protein domains expressed in a eukaryotic system showed histone methyltransferase activity towards H3 in vitro. Site-specific methyl-lysine antibodies, in vitro eukaryotic expression and HKMT activity assay International journal for parasitology Medium 18299133
2009 The chromodomain (CD) of PfHP1 binds specifically to di- and tri-methylated lysine 9 of histone H3 (PF3D7_0610400) but not to unmodified H3 or H3K4-methylated forms, establishing H3K9me2/3 as the recognition mark for PfHP1-mediated heterochromatin formation and var gene silencing. Recombinant protein binding assay (CD of PfHP1 vs. modified/unmodified H3 peptides), ChIP analysis Nucleic acids research High 19270070
2009 Mass spectrometry analysis of P. falciparum asexual stage histones revealed a general preponderance of H3/H4 acetylation and H3K4me3 on histone H3. ChIP-on-chip profiling showed H3K4me3 and H3K9ac on H3 are broadly distributed across euchromatic genome regions in asynchronous parasites, with stage-specific patterns: in rings they are homogeneous across genes, while in schizonts they are enriched at the 5' end of active genes. Mass spectrometry, ChIP-on-chip with H3, H3K4me3, H3K9me3, H3K9ac antibodies, synchronized parasite analysis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 19497874
2010 H3K9ac and H3K4me3 modifications on histone H3 (PF3D7_0610400) are preferentially deposited at H2A.Z-containing nucleosomes in euchromatic intergenic regions; H3K9ac at promoter regions correlates with transcriptional status dynamically throughout the intraerythrocytic cycle, while H3K4me3 shows stage-specific regulation peaking at trophozoite stage. Genome-wide ChIP with next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) for H2A.Z, H3K9ac, H3K4me3; RNA-seq at 8 time points; linear amplification library preparation PLoS pathogens High 21187892
2012 Recombinant P. falciparum histone H3 (PfH3/PF3D7_0610400) directly stimulated production of IL-8 and other inflammatory mediators by primary human endothelial cells via Src family kinases and p38 MAPK signaling, and induced endothelial permeability through a charge-dependent mechanism; these effects were abrogated by histone-specific antibodies and by recombinant human activated protein C, which proteolytically cleaved PfH3. Recombinant PfH3 treatment of primary human dermal microvascular endothelial cells, antibody blocking, kinase inhibitors, live cell imaging, activated protein C cleavage assay The American journal of pathology High 22260922
2013 PfSETvs-dependent trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36me3) on PF3D7_0610400, present along the entire var gene body including the transcription start site, is required for silencing of var genes; knockout of PfSETvs abolished H3K36me3 at var genes and resulted in transcription of virtually all var genes simultaneously. PfSETvs knockout by targeted disruption, ChIP with H3K36me3-specific antibodies, RNA-seq, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence Nature High 23823717
2013 Fourteen phosphorylation sites on histone H3 (PF3D7_0610400) and other histones were detected by LC-MS/MS in P. falciparum asexual blood stages; Pf14-3-3I was identified as a phospho-H3 reader that preferentially binds H3S28ph over H3S10ph, independent of modification of neighboring residues. LC-MS/MS with phosphopeptide enrichment, recombinant Pf14-3-3I protein binding to purified parasite histones, ITC with H3 phosphopeptides, in silico structural analysis PloS one High 23308157
2013 Genome-wide ChIP-on-chip mapping of twelve histone modifications including H3K9ac, H3K14ac, H3K56ac, H3K4me3, and H3K79me3 on histone H3 (PF3D7_0610400) throughout the P. falciparum IDC showed dynamic stage-specific enrichment; H3 acetylations correlate with transcript levels and show differential affinity to genomic regions. H4K8ac occupies predominantly promoter regions while H3 marks occur at 5' ends of coding sequences, with promoter occupancy of H4K8ac retained when ectopically inserted at a different locus. ChIP-on-chip with modification-specific antibodies across erythrocytic stages, ectopic locus insertion PLoS pathogens High 23468622
2015 PfBDP1 bromodomain protein binds to acetylated histone H3 (PF3D7_0610400) at transcriptional start sites of invasion-related genes; conditional PfBDP1 knockdown reduces expression of invasion genes and impairs parasite invasion. Conditional knockdown (DiCre or similar), ChIP-seq, co-immunoprecipitation, RNA-seq Cell host & microbe High 26067602
2016 PfSET7 is an AdoMet-dependent histone methyltransferase that methylates histone H3 (PF3D7_0610400) at K4 and K9 (with highest activity towards these residues); PfSET7 displays specific substrate preference towards nucleosomes with pre-existing H3K14 acetylation. Recombinant PfSET7 expression and purification, in vitro methyltransferase assay with H3 substrates, steady-state kinetics, substrate preference assay with H3K14ac-containing nucleosomes Scientific reports High 26902486
2016 A crystal structure of the PfGCN5 bromodomain in complex with the PCAF bromodomain inhibitor L-45 was solved, rationalizing selective binding to PCAF/GCN5 bromodomains; PfGCN5 bromodomain interaction with histone H3.3 (a variant) was disrupted in cells by L-45, but this experiment was performed with H3.3 (the variant), not canonical H3 (PF3D7_0610400). Co-crystal structure of PfGCN5-BRD with inhibitor, nanoBRET assay in cells Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) Low 27966810
2019 Proteolytic clipping of the N-terminal tail of nucleosome-associated histone H3 (PF3D7_0610400) at amino acid position 21 occurs in P. falciparum via a cathepsin C-like activity present in nuclear parasite extracts; ectopically expressed clipped H3 (PfH3p-HA) is targeted to the nucleus, integrates into mononucleosomes, and ChIP-seq shows it is highly enriched upstream of six DNA replication/repair genes, demarcating a specific 1.5 kb chromatin island. Nuclear extract proteolytic clipping assay, ectopic expression of truncated H3-HA, ChIP-seq, subcellular fractionation/localization EMBO reports High 30833341
2020 H3K18ac and H3K27ac modifications on histone H3 (PF3D7_0610400) dynamically mark regulatory sequences upstream of genes during the asexual life cycle, co-localizing with PfAP2-I, PfBDP1, and PfH2A.Z at stably positioned nucleosomes within exposed DNA at active transcriptional start sites; transient transfection assays showed that sequences enriched for these marks possess promoter activity in schizont stages but no enhancer-like activity. ChIP-seq for H3K18ac, H3K27ac, H3K4me1, H3K27ac; integration with existing datasets; transient transfection promoter activity assays Epigenetics & chromatin High 33225957
2021 Plasmodium falciparum histone chaperone PfAsf1 specifically interacts with histone H3 (PF3D7_0610400) and H4 and deposits the H3/H4 dimer onto DNA to form disomes; critical residues of PfAsf1 involved in H3/H4 interaction were mapped by site-directed mutagenesis, and the crystal structure of PfAsf1 N-terminal domain was solved at 2.4 Å. X-ray crystallography of PfAsf1 (2.4 Å), co-immunoprecipitation/pulldown of PfAsf1 with P. falciparum H3/H4, in vitro nucleosome assembly (disome formation) assay, site-directed mutagenesis of PfAsf1 The Biochemical journal High 33501928
2022 The PfBDP1 bromodomain preferentially recognizes tetra-acetylated histone H4 and also weakly interacts with multi-acetylated H2A.Z in addition to previously reported acetylated histone H3 (PF3D7_0610400); a crystal structure of PfBDP1-BRD reveals a unique binding mechanism distinct from human bromodomain families. Crystal structure of PfBDP1 bromodomain, solution NMR spectroscopy, ITC binding assays with acetylated histone peptides International journal of biological macromolecules Medium 36328269
2023 PfPRMT5 catalyzes symmetric dimethylation of histone H3 (PF3D7_0610400) at R2 (H3R2me2s) and R8 in vitro; genome-wide H3R2me2s marks invasion-related genes and other loci, and PfPRMT5 disruption depletes H3R2me2s and reduces invasion efficiency and invasion gene transcription. In vitro methyltransferase assay with recombinant PfPRMT5, ChIP-seq for H3R2me2s, conditional disruption of PfPRMT5, transcriptomics, interactome (Co-IP/MS) Communications biology High 37349497

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 35 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2013 PfSETvs methylation of histone H3K36 represses virulence genes in Plasmodium falciparum. Nature 202 23823717
2007 5' flanking region of var genes nucleate histone modification patterns linked to phenotypic inheritance of virulence traits in malaria parasites. Molecular microbiology 192 18028313
2006 Cytotoxic effect of curcumin on malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum: inhibition of histone acetylation and generation of reactive oxygen species. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 187 17145789
2010 H2A.Z demarcates intergenic regions of the plasmodium falciparum epigenome that are dynamically marked by H3K9ac and H3K4me3. PLoS pathogens 180 21187892
2007 Epigenetic memory at malaria virulence genes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 178 17209011
2009 Dynamic histone H3 epigenome marking during the intraerythrocytic cycle of Plasmodium falciparum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 172 19497874
2006 The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum histones: organization, expression, and acetylation. Gene 155 16410041
2009 Plasmodium falciparum heterochromatin protein 1 binds to tri-methylated histone 3 lysine 9 and is linked to mutually exclusive expression of var genes. Nucleic acids research 135 19270070
2008 Histone lysine methyltransferases and demethylases in Plasmodium falciparum. International journal for parasitology 106 18299133
2007 PfGCN5-mediated histone H3 acetylation plays a key role in gene expression in Plasmodium falciparum. Eukaryotic cell 97 17449656
2012 Plasmodium falciparum histones induce endothelial proinflammatory response and barrier dysfunction. The American journal of pathology 93 22260922
2004 Plasmodium falciparum histone acetyltransferase, a yeast GCN5 homologue involved in chromatin remodeling. Eukaryotic cell 92 15075257
2015 A Plasmodium Falciparum Bromodomain Protein Regulates Invasion Gene Expression. Cell host & microbe 90 26067602
2013 Dynamic epigenetic regulation of gene expression during the life cycle of malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS pathogens 86 23468622
2015 Profiling the anti-protozoal activity of anti-cancer HDAC inhibitors against Plasmodium and Trypanosoma parasites. International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance 82 26199860
2008 Histone acetyltransferase inhibitor anacardic acid causes changes in global gene expression during in vitro Plasmodium falciparum development. Eukaryotic cell 81 18487348
2016 Discovery of a PCAF Bromodomain Chemical Probe. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 65 27966810
2012 Two long non-coding RNAs generated from subtelomeric regions accumulate in a novel perinuclear compartment in Plasmodium falciparum. Molecular and biochemical parasitology 48 22721695
2020 Histone modifications associated with gene expression and genome accessibility are dynamically enriched at Plasmodium falciparum regulatory sequences. Epigenetics & chromatin 34 33225957
2016 Plasmodium falciparum PfSET7: enzymatic characterization and cellular localization of a novel protein methyltransferase in sporozoite, liver and erythrocytic stage parasites. Scientific reports 34 26902486
2013 Comprehensive histone phosphorylation analysis and identification of Pf14-3-3 protein as a histone H3 phosphorylation reader in malaria parasites. PloS one 31 23308157
2016 H3.3 demarcates GC-rich coding and subtelomeric regions and serves as potential memory mark for virulence gene expression in Plasmodium falciparum. Scientific reports 28 27555062
2003 Histone H3 and H3.3 variants in the protozoan pathogens Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii. DNA sequence : the journal of DNA sequencing and mapping 19 14509838
1995 The sequence of Plasmodium falciparum histone H3. Molecular and biochemical parasitology 14 7723778
2010 Telomeric heterochromatin in Plasmodium falciparum. Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology 13 20169127
2023 A type II protein arginine methyltransferase regulates merozoite invasion in Plasmodium falciparum. Communications biology 11 37349497
2019 Clipped histone H3 is integrated into nucleosomes of DNA replication genes in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. EMBO reports 11 30833341
2022 Structural insights into acetylated histone ligand recognition by the BDP1 bromodomain of Plasmodium falciparum. International journal of biological macromolecules 10 36328269
2003 The histone H4 gene of Plasmodium falciparum is developmentally transcribed in asexual parasites. Parasitology research 7 12739134
2024 Multicomponent syntheses enable the discovery of novel quisinostat-derived chemotypes as histone deacetylase inhibitors. European journal of medicinal chemistry 4 39549507
2021 Structural insights into histone chaperone Asf1 and its characterization from Plasmodium falciparum. The Biochemical journal 3 33501928
2025 Heterochromatin de novo formation and maintenance in Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS pathogens 1 40455742
2024 Histone H3.3 variant plays a critical role on zygote-to-oocyst development in malaria parasites. Parasitology international 1 38199522
2023 Sequence-dependent heterochromatin formation in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Heliyon 1 37681121
2005 Preparation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific to histone acetyltransferase from Plasmodium falciparum. Hybridoma (2005) 0 15857175